مطالعه تحلیلی-تطبیقی شاخص‌های جنسیتی و رابطه‌ی آن‌ها‌ با حکمرانی خوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، دانشیار، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه الزهرا

2 کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه الزهرا

10.22051/ijosed.2024.47259.1040

چکیده

این پژوهش در پی آن است که شاخص‌ نابرابری جنسیتی و رابطه آن‌ با شاخص‌ حکمرانی خوب را مورد بررسی تحلیلی-تبیینی قرار دهد. مبنای نظری پژوهش را رویکردهای جنسیت و توسعه، جریان‌سازی جنسیتی، نظریه‌های حوزه توانمندسازی شامل رویکردهای نایلا کبیر، سارا لانگه، آلسوپ و هینسون، دیپا نارایان، اینگلهارت و آمارتیاسن و از سوی دیگر، رویکرد نهادگرایی با تمرکز بر نظریه حکمرانی خوب تشکیل می‌دهند. این پژوهش به روش تحلیل ثانویه، با استفاده از داده‌های گزارش WGI در بانک جهانی، گزارش ‌ شکاف جنسیتی مجمع جهانی اقتصاد و گزارش توسعه‌انسانی، برای بررسی 144 کشور جهان انجام شده است. به منظور تحلیل اطلاعات و روابط علی بین متغیرها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss، ابتدا کشورهای مورد بررسی بر اساس نمره حکمرانی خوب در سه خوشه مجزا طبقه‌بندی شدند. سپس، برای همبستگی میان متغیرها، از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و همچنین، برای تحلیل چندمتغیره  از رگرسیون استفاده شد. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش بین شاخص‌های حکمرانی خوب و شاخص‌های نابرابری جنسیتی رابطه معنی‌دار وجود دارد و شش مؤلفه حکمرانی خوب با چهار بعد نابرابری جنسیتی، همبستگی و رابطه مثبت دارند. در کشورهایی که نمره شاخص حکمرانی خوب در آن‌ها بالا است، نابرابری جنسیتی نیز کم‌تر است و به سمت برابری جنسیتی بیش‌تر در حرکت هستند. براساس نتایج معادله رگرسیون در سه خوشه از کشورها؛ در خوشه اول، مؤلفه حق‌اظهار نظر و پاسخ‌گویی و مؤلفه کنترل فساد؛ در خوشه دوم، مؤلفه حاکمیت قانون و در خوشه سوم، مؤلفه ثبات سیاسی و عدم خشونت/تروریسم وارد معادله شده و نابرابری جنسیتی را تبیین می‌نمایند. در مجموع، یک‌سوم از تغییرات شاخص نابرابری جنسیتی در سطح کشورها با مؤلفه‌های حکمرانی خوب قابل توضیح و تبیین می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical-comparative study of Gender Indicators and Their Relationship with Good Governance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Mousavi 1
  • Raziye Ajami 2
1 PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences,and Economics , Department of Social Sciences, Al Zahra University
2 Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research seeks to analyze the gender equality indicators and their relationship with good governance indicators. The theoretical basis of research is gender and development approaches, Gender Mainstreaming, empowerment theories including the approaches of Nayla Kabir, Sarah Lange, Alsoup and Hinson, Depa Narayan, Inglehart and Amartya Sen, and, on the other hand, institutionalism approaches focusing on good governance theory. This research is based on the Secondary Analysis, using the World Bank data, the Human Development Report, and the Gender Gap Report of the World Economic Forum in to examin 144 countries. In order to analyze the information and causal relationships between variables, by using SPSS software, the countries were firstly classified according to the good governance score in three distinct clusters, then, for correlation between variables, Pearson correlation coefficient and also for variance analysis of variables, use regression Became.

According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between good governance index and gender inequality index and six components of good governance have a positive correlation with four dimensions of gender inequality. In countries where the good governance index score is high, gender inequality declines. According to the regression equation analysis in three groups of countries grouped by cluster analysis, in the first group of countries, the component of speech and accountability and the control of corruption, in the second group the rule of law, and in the third group the component of political stability and inequality. Violence / terrorism enters the equation and explains gender inequality. Overall, one third (R2 = 0.36) of the changes in gender inequality across countries can be explained and explained by the components of good governance

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women
  • Good governance index
  • gender gaps
  • gender inequality
  • women empowerment

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